Simple Search

Query:

Enter a query and click »Search«...

Format:

Display: entries per page entries

Zbl 1200.33012
Koekoek, Roelof; Lesky, Peter A.; Swarttouw, René F.
(Koornwinder, Tom H.)
Hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials and their $q$-analogues. With a foreword by Tom H. Koornwinder. (English)
[B] Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Berlin: Springer. xix, 578~p. EUR~99.95/net; \sterling~90.00; SFR~155.50 (2010). ISBN 978-3-642-05013-8/hbk; ISBN 978-3-642-26351-4/pbk; ISBN 978-3-642-05014-5/ebook

Let $L$ be a linear differential or a difference operator of second order with polynomial coefficients. The problem is to find conditions on the coefficients of $L$ to guarantee the following. For any integer $n\geq 0$ there exist a number $\lambda_n$ and a polynomial $$P_n(x)=x^n +c_{n-1} x^{n-1} + \dots +c_0$$ such that $ L P_n = \lambda_n P_n $. This problem is considered in the chapters 4--6 of the book. The analogous problem with $$P_n(x)=(x(x+u))^n +c_{n-1} (x(x+u))^{n-1} + \dots +c_0$$ is considered in chapters 7--8 of the book. Let $(a)_0=1 $, $ (a)_k= a(a+1)\cdot \dots \cdot (a+k-1)$, $k\geq 1$, $(a_1, \dots , a_r)_k = (a_1)_k \cdot \dots \cdot (a_r)_k$. The hypergeometric function $_rF_s$ is defined by the series $$_rF_s \left( \matrix a_1,\ldots, a_r \\ b_1,\ldots, b_s \\ \endmatrix; z\right) =\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(a_1, \dots , a_r)_k}{(b_1, \dots , b_s)_k}\frac{z^k}{k!}.$$ The polynomials of Wilson $W_n(x, a, b, c, d)$ and the polynomials of Racah $R_n(x, \alpha , \beta , \gamma , \delta)$ are defined by the formulas $$\align \frac{W_n(x^2, a, b, c, d)}{(a+b)_n(a+c)_n(a+d)_n} &= {}_4F_3 \left( \matrix -n, & n+a+b+c+d -1 , & a+ix,\ a-ix \\ a+b, & a+c , & a+d \\ \endmatrix; 1 \right), \\ R_n(\lambda(x), \alpha , \beta , \gamma , \delta) &= {}_4F_3 \left( \matrix -n, & n+\alpha +\beta +1 , & -x,\ x+\gamma +\delta +1 \\ \alpha +1, & \beta + \delta +1 , & \gamma +1 \\ \endmatrix ; 1 \right), \endalign$$ $n=0, 1, \dots , N$, where $\lambda (x) = x(x+\gamma + \delta +1)$ and $\alpha +1 = -N$ or $\beta + \delta +1 = -N$ or $\gamma +1 = -N .$ Limits of the type $ Q_n=\lim_{t \to \infty} h_n(t)W_n \left(x(t), a(t), b(t), c(t), d(t)\right)$ are considered. For example, $$ \lim_{t\to\infty } \frac{W_n\left( \frac{1}{2}(1-x)t^2; \frac{1}{2}(\alpha +1); \frac{1}{2}(\alpha +1); \frac{1}{2}(\beta+1)+it;\frac{1}{2}(\beta+1)- it \right)}{t^{2n}n!} = P_n^{(\alpha, \beta)}(x),$$ where $P_n^{(\alpha, \beta)}(x)$ are Jacobi polynomials. It is an interesting case when $Q_n$ is a polynomial of degree $n$ depending on a set of parameters as in the example. In this case one can repeat the limiting process. Let $E$ be a set of polynomials obtained in such a way starting with $W_n(x, a, b, c, d)$ and $R_n(x, \alpha , \beta , \gamma , \delta)$. Let us take sheet of paper and write on it symbols of polynomials from $E$. We join some of the symbols by arrows. The figure $A \rightarrow B$ means that the polynomial $B$ is obtained from $A$ by the limiting process. The poster we obtain is called the Askey scheme. We see the Askey scheme on the page 189 of the book. This scheme is grounded in the chapter 9. $q$-analogues of differential and difference operators, $q$-analogues of transcendental functions are known in mathematics. There are $q$-analogues of the described results in the second part (chapters 10--14) of the book. It is pertinent to quote Askey: ``A set of orthogonal polynomials is classical if it is a special case or a limiting case of the Askey-Wilson polynomials or $q$-Racah polynomials."
[Anatoly Filip Grishin (Khar'kov)]

MSC 2000:: *33C45 Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type
33D45 Basic hypergeometric functions and integrals in several variables

Keywords: classical orthogonal polynomials; Hahn polynomials; Askey-Wilson polynomials; Racah polynomials; Askey scheme

Comment on this Item PDF MathML XML ASCII DVI PS BibTeX Online Ordering Article

	Scientific prize winners of the ICM 2010
	Overhang
	Lie groups, physics and geometry. An introduction for physicists, engineers and chemists.

Simple Search

Zentralblatt MATH Berlin [Germany]