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Zbl 0647.62093
Robins, J.M.; Morgenstern, H.
The foundations of confounding in epidemiology. (English)
[J] Comput. Math. Appl. 14, No. 9, 869-916 (1987). ISSN 0898-1221

According to the authors, a statistically coherent view on confounding is presented. Confounding by a covariate C in the presence of data on C is distinguished from confounding in the absence of data on C. A covariate C is defined to be a nonconfounder in the absence of data on C if the parameter of interest can be asymptotically unbiasedly estimated absent data on C. When data on C are available, C is defined to be a nonconfounder for a parameter of interest if inference on that parameter does not depend on data through C. \par A related, and by the present authors often quoted paper is {\it O. S. Miettinen} and {\it E. F. Cook}, Confounding: essence and detection. Am. J. Epidemiol. 114, 593-603 (1981).
[G.Broström]

MSC 2000:: *62P10 Appl. of statistics to biology
92D25 Population dynamics

Keywords: epidemiology; confounding; presence of data; absence of data; covariate; nonconfounder

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