Simple Search

Query:

Enter a query and click »Search«...

Format:

Display: entries per page entries

Zbl 0572.33012
Askey, Richard; Wilson, James
Some basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials that generalize Jacobi polynomials. (English)
[J] Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 319, 55 p. (1985). ISSN 0065-9266

This memoir is a detailed exposition of a new family of orthogonal polynomials which has five free parameters and a continuous weight distribution. Indeed, there are cases where this distribution has a finite discrete part in addition. The orthogonality relation is based on a new contour integral. To state the most important results some notation is needed: (throughout $q\in {\bbfC}$ and $\vert q\vert <1)$ $$ (a;q)\sb n:=\prod\sp{n-1}\sb{j=0}(1-aq\sp j),\quad n=0,1,2,...;e\sb q(a):=\prod\sp{\infty}\sb{j=0}(1-aq\sp j), $$ $$ p\sb n(x;a,b,c,d\vert q):=a\sp{-n}(ab;q)\sb n(ac;q)\sb n(ad;q)\sb n 4\phi\sb 3\left[ \matrix q\sp{-n},q\sp{n-1}abcd,ae\sp{i\theta},ae\sp{-i\theta};\\ ab,ac,ad\quad q,q\endmatrix \right] $$ where $x=\cos \theta$, $n=0,1,2,..$. (also denoted by $p\sb n(x))$, a terminating basic hypergeometric series. \par The underlying integral depends on five parameters q, $a\sb j$, (1$\le j\le 4)$ such that $\vert q\vert <1$ and $a\sb ja\sb k\ne q\sp{\ell}$ for $\ell =0,1,2,...,(1\le j,k\le 4):$ $$ (1/2\pi i)\int\sb{C}e\sb q(z\sp 2)e\sb q(z\sp{-2})\prod\sp{4}\sb{j=1}(e\sb q(a\sb jz)e\sb q(a\sb j/z))\sp{-1}(dz/z) $$ $$ =\frac{2e\sb q(abcd)}{e\sb q(q)}\prod\sb{1\le j<k\le 4}e\sb q(a\sb ja\sb k)\sp{-1}, $$ where C is a closed positively oriented contour consisting of the unit circle deformed so as to separate the sequences of poles converging to zero from the sequences of poles converging to infinity. \par It is shown that $\{p\sb n(x)\}$ is a family of polynomials in x, with degree $(p\sb n)=n$, and satisfying a three-term recurrence. Further, each $p\sb n$ is symmetric in a,b,c,d. The purely continuous weight distribution occurs for $-1<q<1$, $\max (\vert a\vert,\vert b\vert,\vert c\vert,\vert d\vert)<1$, and a,b,c,d all real or appearing in conjugate pairs: then $$ \int\sp{1}\sb{-1}p\sb n(x)p\sb m(x)w(x)(1-x\sp 2)\sp{- 1/2}dx=0\quad for\quad n\ne m, $$ where $$ w(x)=e\sb q(e\sp{2i\theta})e\sb q(e\sp{-2i\theta})\prod\sp{4}\sb{j=1}(e\sb q(a\sb je\sp{i\theta})e\sb q(a\sb je\sp{-i\theta}))\sp{-1},\quad where\quad x=\cos \theta, $$ and $a\sb j$ (1$\le j\le 4)$ takes the values a,b,c,d. The integral $$ \int\sp{1}\sb{-1}p\sb n(x)\sp 2w(x)(1-x\sp 2)\sp{-1/2}dx $$ is explicitly found. When any of the parameters a,b,c,d exceed 1, a finite discrete part (explicitly known) is added to the weight distribution. \par The power of these results stems from the large number of free parameters. Special choices lead to previously studied families. For example, the case $c=-a$, $b=aq\sp{1/2}=-d$ gives the Rogers continuous q-ultraspherical polynomials ({\it R. Askey} and {\it M. E.-H. Ismail}, Studies in pure mathematics, Mem. of P. Turán, 55-78 (1983; Zbl 0532.33006). \par Another example comes from the choice $a=q\sp{\alpha /2+1/4}$, $c=q\sp{1/2}$, $b=-q\sp{\beta /2+1/4}$, $d=bq\sp{1/2}$; this is the family of little q-Jacobi polynomials studied by G. Andrews and R. Askey. \par Other special cases are also discussed in the paper, including the example $q=0$, and a q-analogue of Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials. There is a Rodrigues type formula for $p\sb n$ which depends on a divided difference operator. Also, the connection coefficients between two different families $\{p\sb n(x;a,b,c,d\vert q)\}$ and $\{p\sb n(x;a',b',c',d'\vert q)\}$ are given as ${}\sb 5\phi\sb 4$-series, and some tractable special cases are discussed. This is a paper of fundamental importance in the theory of orthogonal polynomials in one variable of hypergeometric type.
[Ch.Dunkl]

MSC 2000:: *33D45 Basic hypergeometric functions and integrals in several variables
33D05 q-gamma functions, q-beta functions and integrals
39A10 Difference equations
33D55

Keywords: basic hypergeometric series; q-ultraspherical polynomials; q-Jacobi polynomials; q-analogue of Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials

Citations: Zbl 0532.33006

Cited in: Zbl 1222.62061 Zbl 1140.33006 Zbl 1132.33334 Zbl 1048.39014 Zbl 0997.33008 Zbl 0997.33010 Zbl 0952.33004 Zbl 0913.33008 Zbl 0932.33027 Zbl 0928.39007 Zbl 0923.33011 Zbl 0865.33012 Zbl 0858.39009 Zbl 0857.33005 Zbl 0783.33007 Zbl 0760.33010 Zbl 0752.33008 Zbl 0696.33008 Zbl 0695.33008 Zbl 0636.33008 Zbl 0599.33015 Zbl 0589.33009 Zbl 0579.33005

Comment on this Item PDF MathML XML ASCII DVI PS BibTeX Online Ordering Journal

	Scientific prize winners of the ICM 2010
	Overhang
	Lie groups, physics and geometry. An introduction for physicists, engineers and chemists.

Simple Search

Zentralblatt MATH Berlin [Germany]