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Zbl 1230.90179
Gao, Ya; Zhang, Guangquan; Lu, Jie; Wee, Hui-Ming
Particle swarm optimization for bi-level pricing problems in supply chains. (English)
[J] J. Glob. Optim. 51, No. 2, 245-254 (2011). ISSN 0925-5001; ISSN 1573-2916/e

Summary: With rapid technological innovation and strong competition in hi-tech industries such as computer and communication organizations, the upstream component price and the downstream product cost usually decline significantly with time. As a result, an effective pricing supply chain model is very important. This paper first establishes two bi-level pricing models for pricing problems with the buyer and the vendor in a supply chain designated as the leader and the follower, respectively. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm is developed to solve problems defined by these bi-level pricing models. Experiments illustrate that this PSO based algorithm can achieve a profit increase for buyers or vendors if they are treated as the leaders under some situations, compared with the existing methods.

MSC 2000:: *90C30 Nonlinear programming
91B24 Price theory and market structure
90C59 Approximation methods and heuristics

Keywords: two-stage supply chain; bi-level programming; hierarchical decision-making; optimization; particle swarm optimization

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