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Well-posedness of the water-waves equations. (English) Zbl 1069.35056

Summary: We prove that the water-waves equations (i.e., the inviscid Euler equations with free surface) are well-posed locally in time in Sobolev spaces for a fluid layer of finite depth, either in dimension \(2\) or \(3\) under a stability condition on the linearized equations. This condition appears naturally as the Lévy condition one has to impose on these nonstricly hyperbolic equations to insure well-posedness; it coincides with the generalized Taylor criterion exhibited in earlier works. Similarly to what happens in infinite depth, we show that this condition always holds for flat bottoms. For uneven bottoms, we prove that it is satisfied provided that a smallness condition on the second fundamental form of the bottom surface evaluated on the initial velocity field is satisfied.
We work here with a formulation of the water-waves equations in terms of the velocity potential at the free surface and of the elevation of the free surface, and in Eulerian variables. This formulation involves a Dirichlet-Neumann operator which we study in detail: sharp tame estimates, symbol, commutators and shape derivatives. This allows us to give a tame estimate on the linearized water-waves equations and to conclude with a Nash-Moser iterative scheme.

MSC:

35Q35 PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics
76B03 Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory for incompressible inviscid fluids
76B15 Water waves, gravity waves; dispersion and scattering, nonlinear interaction
35J67 Boundary values of solutions to elliptic equations and elliptic systems
35Q05 Euler-Poisson-Darboux equations
35L80 Degenerate hyperbolic equations
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