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Influence of nonlinear incidence rates upon the behavior of SIRS epidemiological models. (English) Zbl 0582.92023

When the traditional assumption that the incidence rate is proportional to the product of the numbers of infectives and susceptibles is dropped, the SIRS model can exhibit qualitatively different dynamical behaviors, including Hopf bifurcations, saddle-node bifurcations, and homoclinic loop bifurcations.
These may be important epidemiologically in that they demonstrate the possibility of infection outbreak and collapse, or autonomous periodic coexistence of disease and host. The possible mechanisms leading to nonlinear incidence rates are discussed. Finally, a modified general criterion for supercritical or subcritical Hopf bifurcation of 2- dimensional systems is presented.

MSC:

92D25 Population dynamics (general)
34C05 Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations
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