@inbook {IOPORT.06019564,
    author       = {Hofkirchner, Wolfgang},
    title        = {Does computing embrace self-organization?},
    year         = {2011},
    booktitle    = {Information and computation. Essays on scientific and philosophical understanding of foundations of information and computation},
    isbn         = {978-981-4295-47-5},
    pages        = {185-202},
    publisher    = {Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific},
    abstract     = {Summary: It is a widely held assumption that computers process information. When finding out that natural systems manifest information processes, it is hypothesised that natural systems too are computers. This can be called the quintessence of the "computational turn", however, it is a non sequitur. This chapter draws upon the ontological distinction of strict determinism and less-than-strict determinism. It contends that artificial devices like computers work on the basis of strict determinism, while natural systems to the extent as they self-organise work on the basis of less-than-strict determinism. Strict determinism is a derivative of less-than-strict determinism. Thus the chapter concludes that concerning computers and natural, self-organising systems the assumption of the computational turn is wrong. It is the other way round: computers play a restricted, though essential and indispensable, part within self-organising (natural and social) contexts.},
    identifier   = {06019564},
}