Summary: Embedded systems have evolved into sophisticated on-chip collections of processor cores, on-demand acceleration, and input/output interfaces. These systems enable increased performance in terms of system throughput and better overall efficiency than ever before. Yet, this power comes at the cost of increased complexity for system designers as well as for system programmers. This chapter explores in depth the opportunities that multicore systems provide for the embedded application space, and the challenges associated with multicore systems design as well as several innovative approaches to dealing with those challenges.