Using the ENF criterion for determining the time of recording of short digital audio recordings. (English)
Geradts, Zeno J. M. H. (ed.) et al., Computational forensics. Third international workshop, IWCF 2009, The Hague, The Netherlands, August 13‒14, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin: Springer (ISBN 978-3-642-03520-3/pbk). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5718, 116-124 (2009).
Summary: The Electric Network Frequency (ENF) Criterion is a recently developed forensic technique for determining the time of recording of digital audio recordings, by matching the ENF pattern from a questioned recording with an ENF pattern database. In this paper we discuss its inherent limitations in the case of short ‒ i.e., less than 10 minutes in duration ‒ digital audio recordings. We also present a matching procedure based on the correlation coefficient, as a more robust alternative to squared error matching.
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