\input zb-basic \input zb-ioport \iteman{io-port 06095249} \itemau{Johnson, Colin G.} \itemti{Fitness in evolutionary art and music: what has been used and what could be used?} \itemso{Machado, Penousal (ed.) et al., Evolutionary and biologically inspired music, sound, art and design. First international conference, EvoMUSART 2012, M\'alaga, Spain, April 11--13, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin: Springer (ISBN 978-3-642-29141-8/pbk). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7247, 129-140 (2012).} \itemab Summary: This paper considers the notion of fitness in evolutionary art and music. A taxonomy is presented of the ways in which fitness is used in such systems, with two dimensions: what the fitness function is applied to, and the basis by which the function is constructed. Papers from a large collection are classified using this taxonomy. The paper then discusses a number of ideas that have not be used for fitness evaluation in evolutionary art and which might be valuable in future developments: memory, scaffolding, connotation and web search. \itemrv{~} \itemcc{} \itemut{} \itemli{doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29142-5\_12} \end