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\iteman{io-port 05992984}
\itemau{Al Moubayed, Samer; Beskow, Jonas; Edlund, Jens; Granstr\"om, Bj\"orn; House, David}
\itemti{Animated faces for robotic heads: Gaze and beyond.}
\itemso{Esposito, Anna (ed.) et al., Analysis of verbal and nonverbal communication and enactment. The processing issues. COST 2102 international conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 7--10, 2010. Revised selected papers. Berlin: Springer (ISBN 978-3-642-25774-2/pbk). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6800, 19-35 (2011).}
\itemab
Summary: We introduce an approach to using animated faces for robotics where a static physical object is used as a projection surface for an animation. The talking head is projected onto a 3D physical head model. In this chapter we discuss the different benefits this approach adds over mechanical heads. After that, we investigate a phenomenon commonly referred to as the Mona Lisa gaze effect. This effect results from the use of 2D surfaces to display 3D images and causes the gaze of a portrait to seemingly follow the observer no matter where it is viewed from. The experiment investigates the perception of gaze direction by observers. The analysis shows that the 3D model eliminates the effect, and provides an accurate perception of gaze direction. We discuss at the end the different requirements of gaze in interactive systems, and explore the different settings these findings give access to.
\itemrv{~}
\itemcc{}
\itemut{Facial Animation; Talking Heads; Shader Lamps; Robotic Heads; Gaze; Mona Lisa Effect; Avatar; Dialogue System; Situated Interaction; 3D Projection; Gaze Perception}
\itemli{doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25775-9\_2}
\end