@article {IOPORT.06034335,
    author       = {Robertson, Suzanne L. and Cushing, J.M. and Costantino, R.F.},
    title        = {Life stages: interactions and spatial patterns.},
    year         = {2012},
    journal      = {Bulletin of Mathematical Biology},
    volume       = {74},
    number       = {2},
    issn         = {0092-8240},
    pages        = {491-508},
    publisher    = {Springer, New York},
    doi          = {10.1007/s11538-011-9705-x},
    abstract     = {Summary: In many stage-structured species, different life stages often occupy separate spatial niches in a heterogeneous environment. Life stages of the giant flour beetle Tribolium brevicornis (Leconte), in particular adults and pupae, occupy different locations in a homogeneous habitat. This unique spatial pattern does not occur in the well-studied stored grain pests T. castaneum (Herbst) and T. confusum (Duval). We propose density dependent dispersal as a causal mechanism for this spatial pattern. We model and explore the spatial dynamics of T. brevicornis with a set of four density dependent integrodifference and difference equations. The spatial model exhibits multiple attractors: a spatially uniform attractor and a patchy attractor with pupae and adults spatially separated. The model attractors are consistent with experimental observations.},
    identifier   = {06034335},
}