\input zb-basic \input zb-ioport \iteman{io-port 00940875} \itemau{Cao, Cungen} \itemti{Liveness characterization for GFC systems. I.} \itemso{Sci. China, Ser. E 39, No.2, 196-205 (1996).} \itemab Summary: The significant features concerning liveness of generalized free-choice (GFC) systems are discussed. These features provide a sound basis for analyzing liveness of GFC systems in a reductive approach. What is interesting is that the characterization is just based on deadlocks, rather than on both deadlocks and traps as Commoner characterizes the liveness of ordinary free-choice systems. Several proof techniques for proving liveness-related features of GFC systems are introduced. \itemrv{~} \itemcc{} \itemut{free-choice systems; GFC systems} \itemli{} \end