Dynamic programming on graphs with bounded treewidth. (English)
Automata, languages and programming, Proc. 15th Int. Colloq., Tampere/Finn. 1988, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 317, 105-118 (1988).
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0639.00042.] We study the complexity of graph decision problems, restricted to the class of graphs with treewidth $\le k$, (or equivalently, the class of partial k-trees), for fixed k. We introduce two classes of graph decision problems, LCC and ECC, and subclasses C-LCC, and C-ECC. We show that each problem in LCC (or C-LCC) is solvable in polynomial $(O(n\sp C))$ time, when restricted to graphs with fixed upper bounds on the treewidth and degree, and that each problem in ECC (or C-ECC) is solvable in polynomial $(O(n\sp C))$ time, when restricted to graphs with a fixed upper bound on the treewidth (with given corresponding tree-decomposition). Also, problems in C-LCC and C-ECC are solvable in polynomial time for graphs with logarithmic treewidth, and in the case of C-LCC-problems, with a fixed upper bound on the degree of the graph. Also, we show for a large number of graph decision problems, their membership in LCC, ECC, C-LCC and/or C-ECC, thus showing the existence of $O(n\sp C)$ or polynomial algorithms for these problems, restricted to the graphs with bounded treewidth (and bounded degree). In several cases, $C=1$, hence our method gives in these cases linear algorithms. For several NP-complete problems, and subclasses of the graphs with bounded treewidth, polynomial algorithms have been obtained. In a certain sense, the results in this paper unify these results.